Unit 1 - Chapter 2: Early Settlement

Unit 1 Chapter 2: Early Settlement

1. When Roger Williams was ordered to return to England, he responded by founding Providence, Rhode Island.

2. Jamestown was the first permanent English colony in North America.

3. Jamestown settlers died from disease, drought, starvation, and war with the Native Americans.

4. Jamestown settlers were motivated to colonize by the desire to find gold and silver and to make money trading furs.

5. Pocahontas helped the Jamestown settlers by helping them make peace with the Powhatan.

6. William Penn established Pennsylvania because he wanted a place where people of all religions could live in harmony.

7. Private ownership of land in Jamestown marked an important step toward capitalism.

8. Governor Berkeley raised taxes to pay for new forts during Bacon’s Rebellion.

9. The Mayflower Compact established a framework for government for the Jamestown colony.

10. Massachusetts and New Hampshire were part of New England.

11. Massachusetts Bay Colony and Plymouth provided escape from religious persecution.

12. Jamestown thrived under the leadership of John Smith.

13. Explain why Jamestown settlers struggled to survive before John Smith’s leadership.

14. Describe two ways in which religious freedom was an important factor in the founding of the first English colonies. Pilgrims faced harsh weather, famine, and disease to practice their religion. Use evidence from the chapter to support your answer: Roger Williams started Providence after being thrown out of the Massachusetts Bay for disagreeing. Providence allowed complete religious freedom. Quakers wanted a place where a variety of religious groups could live together and worship freely. He advertised this and many were interested.

Vocabulary

cash crop, n. a crop that is grown to be sold (19)

Example: Tobacco became a valuable cash crop in Jamestown.

indentured servitude, n. a system in which a worker agrees to work for an employer for a certain amount of time in exchange for training or payment in land or goods at the end of the agreed time period (20) Example: Through the system of indentured servitude, some people leaving for America were given free passage if they agreed to work with no pay when they arrived.

burgess, n. a representative to the legislature in colonial Virginia and Maryland (21)

Example: Jamestown was the first settlement in what would become the United States in which a landowning man could be a burgess representing his colony.

capitalism, n. an economic system in which resources and businesses are privately owned and prices are not controlled by the government (21)

Example: Private ownership of land in Jamestown also marked an important step toward the economic system of capitalism.

plantation, n. a large farm where one or more crops are grown by a large number of laborers, then sold for a profit by the plantation owner (21)

Example: As the demand for cash crops grew, enslaved Africans were brought to the colonies to work on large plantations.

persecution, n. the cruel and unfair treatment of a group of people (23)

Example: Early colonists in New England wanted to build religious sanctuaries, or safe places, for people escaping persecution in England.

Mayflower Compact, n. an agreement for self-government signed by the Pilgrims on the ship Mayflower (23) Example: The Mayflower Compact was an agreement created by the Pilgrims that stated that they would form their own government and agree to follow its laws in their new homeland.

banish, v. to require by law to leave a place (27)

Example: Puritan leaders chose to banish Anne Hutchinson from the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1638 CE because they were threatened by her expertise on religious topics.